Gynecomastia, is the development of abnormally large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement. The term comes from the Greek (γυνή) gyne (stem gynaik-) meaning "woman" and (μαστός) mastos meaning "breast".
- This condition can occur physiologically in neonates due to female hormone from mother and the discharge is known as 'Witches milk'.
- Breast prominence due solely to excessive adipose is often termed as pseudogynaecomastia or sometimes lipomastia.
- The condition should be differentiated from work hypertrophy of the pectoralis muscles caused by exercise.
- Types are:
- Puffy nipples: very common, glandular tissue is concentrated under and typically confined to areola.
- Pure glandular: In bodybuilders this may be a result of the use of anabolic steroids
- Adolescent: Congenital/Hereditary- boys of 9-14 years.
- Adult: most common.
- Pseudogynaecomastia: This is generally the only type which can be improved by liposuction.
- Asymmetrical/Unilateral.
- Severe: is characterized by excess and/or saggy skin and severely enlarged breasts.
Treatment:
- Correcting underlying cause.
- Selective estrogen receptor modulator eg. tamoxifen, clomiphen or androgens or aromatase inhibitor such as letrozole.
- Surgery: Reduction mammoplasty, liposuction, gland excision
- Radiation therapy is sometimes used to prevent gynaecomastia in patients with prostrate cancer prior to estrogen therapy.
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